keuhkokuumeisiin

Keuhkokuume, also known as pneumonia, is a respiratory infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Keuhkokuume can be caused by various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most common bacterial cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae, while viral causes include influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

The symptoms of keuhkokuume can range from mild to severe and may include cough (with or without mucus), fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. In severe cases, symptoms may escalate to high fever, rapid breathing, confusion, and bluish lips or nails, indicating a lack of oxygen.

Diagnosis of keuhkokuume typically involves a physical examination, chest X-ray, and sometimes blood tests or sputum tests to identify the causative agent. Treatment depends on the cause. Bacterial keuhkokuume is usually treated with antibiotics, while viral keuhkokuume may require antiviral medications and supportive care. Antifungal medications are used for fungal keuhkokuume.

Prevention strategies include vaccination against common causes like Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza, practicing good hygiene, such as regular hand washing, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. Individuals at higher risk, such as the elderly, young children, and those with weakened immune systems or chronic health conditions, should take extra precautions.

Complications of keuhkokuume can be severe and may include pleurisy, lung abscesses, bacteremia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prompt and appropriate treatment is crucial to prevent these complications and improve outcomes.