ketónový

Ketónový is a term related to ketones, which are organic compounds characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms. In chemistry, the presence of a ketone functional group defines a molecule as a ketone. This functional group is found in various natural and synthetic substances, playing roles in biological processes and industrial applications.

In the context of human metabolism, "ketónový" can refer to the metabolic state of ketosis. This occurs when the body, deprived of sufficient carbohydrates for energy, begins to break down stored fat for fuel. This process yields ketone bodies, such as acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone, which can then be used by the brain and other tissues for energy. Ketosis can be induced by very low-carbohydrate diets, such as the ketogenic diet, or by prolonged fasting.

The term might also appear in discussions of laboratory analysis or medical testing, where the presence or level of ketones in urine or blood is measured. Elevated ketone levels can indicate conditions like uncontrolled diabetes (diabetic ketoacidosis), starvation, or prolonged vomiting. Understanding the "ketónový" state or the presence of ketone compounds is therefore important in various scientific and medical fields.