ketoseforbindelser

Ketoseforbindelser, also known as ketones, are a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms. This functional group is central to their chemical properties and reactivity. Ketones are distinct from aldehydes, where the carbonyl group is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. The simplest ketone is acetone (propanone), which has the chemical formula (CH₃)₂CO.

Ketones play significant roles in both organic chemistry and biochemistry. In organic synthesis, they are versatile intermediates and reagents. Their carbonyl carbon is electrophilic, making it susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This reactivity is exploited in various reactions, such as nucleophilic addition, reduction, and condensation. Ketones are also found naturally in many biological systems. For example, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate are ketone bodies produced in the liver during periods of fasting or prolonged exercise, serving as an alternative fuel source for the brain and other tissues.

The physical properties of ketones vary with their molecular size. Lower molecular weight ketones, like acetone, are often volatile, flammable liquids with characteristic odors. As the carbon chain lengthens, their boiling points increase, and they become less soluble in water. Many ketones are used as solvents in industry due to their ability to dissolve a wide range of organic substances.