kerógenos

Kerogen is a complex mixture of organic compounds that is insoluble in common organic solvents. It is the precursor to fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, and is found within sedimentary rocks. Kerogen is formed from the remains of ancient organisms, primarily plankton and algae, that were buried under layers of sediment. Over millions of years, the heat and pressure of burial transform these organic materials into kerogen.

There are three main types of kerogen, classified based on their hydrogen and oxygen content. Type I kerogen, rich in hydrogen and derived from algae, typically yields oil upon heating. Type II kerogen, with moderate hydrogen content and originating from marine plankton, also produces oil. Type III kerogen, low in hydrogen and rich in oxygen, derived from terrestrial plants, tends to generate natural gas.

The process of converting kerogen into liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons is called maturation or cracking. This occurs when the organic matter is subjected to sufficient heat and pressure over geological timescales. The specific type of kerogen and the degree of maturation determine the type and amount of fossil fuel produced. Kerogen is studied by geologists and chemists to understand the formation of petroleum deposits and to assess the potential for hydrocarbon extraction from source rocks. While kerogen itself is not a usable fuel, its presence is a key indicator of the presence of potential oil and gas reserves.