kernite

Kernite is a hydrated sodium borate mineral that forms in arid evaporite environments where boron-rich waters precipitate borate minerals. It typically occurs as colorless to white crystals or granular masses with a vitreous luster. The mineral has a relatively low hardness on the Mohs scale and a light specific gravity. Kernite was first described from Kern County, California, and takes its name from that location.

Geology and occurrence: Kernite is commonly found in desert basins and playas in association with other borate minerals such as borax, colemanite, and ulexite. It is an important natural source of boron and is mined as an ore for boron compounds. Processing of kernite yields materials used in glassmaking, ceramics, detergents, and various industrial applications.

Stability and processing: Kernite is a hydrated mineral and tends to lose water upon heating or prolonged exposure to air, converting to less hydrated borate forms. This hydration sensitivity influences handling, storage, and processing in boron operations.

Global distribution: While named from Kern County, California, kernite has been reported in other borate-rich basins worldwide, including regions in South America, the Middle East, and parts of North America. It remains a minor but economically relevant borate mineral in specialized deposits.