keratoplasztikát

Keratoplasztika refers to surgical procedures designed to replace damaged or diseased corneal tissue with healthy donor tissue. This procedure is primarily performed to restore vision that has been impaired by various corneal conditions such as keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, scars from infections or trauma, and Fuchs' dystrophy. The goal is to improve visual acuity, reduce pain, and enhance the overall health of the eye.

There are several types of keratoplasztika, broadly categorized as penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and lamellar keratoplasty (LK). In penetrating keratoplasty, the entire thickness of the diseased cornea is removed and replaced with a full-thickness donor cornea. Lamellar keratoplasty, on the other hand, involves replacing only the diseased layers of the cornea, leaving the healthy posterior layers intact. This can further be divided into anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK), which replaces the front layers, and posterior lamellar keratoplasty (PLK), which specifically targets the inner endothelial layer. Posterior lamellar keratoplasty, such as Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), has become increasingly popular due to faster visual recovery and lower rejection rates compared to PKP.

The donor cornea is obtained from a deceased donor and must be carefully screened for quality and disease. The surgical procedure involves precise preparation of both the recipient bed and the donor graft to ensure a good fit and optimal healing. Post-operative care is crucial and typically involves the use of antibiotic and steroid eye drops to prevent infection and rejection. While keratoplasztika is generally successful, potential complications can include graft rejection, infection, and visual impairment. Regular follow-up appointments with an ophthalmologist are necessary to monitor the healing process and detect any signs of complications.