karuncule

A caruncle, also known as a caruncula, is a small fleshy protuberance. The term is most commonly used in anatomy to describe specific structures on the body. One notable example is the lacrimal caruncle, located at the inner corner of the eye, near the nose. This small, pinkish lump is composed of modified sweat glands and sebaceous glands. It plays a role in tear drainage and lubrication of the eye's surface.

In birds, a caruncle refers to a fleshy growth, often brightly colored, on the head or neck. These caruncles can serve various functions, including display for attracting mates, species recognition, or as a sign of health and dominance. Examples include the fleshy growths on a turkey's wattle or the casque of certain hornbills, although the latter is not always strictly considered a caruncle.

The word "caruncle" derives from the Latin word "caruncula," meaning "little piece of flesh." This etymology reflects the basic nature of the anatomical feature. While not a term used in everyday language, it is a specific descriptor in scientific and medical contexts, particularly in zoology and anatomy. The appearance and size of caruncles can vary significantly between different species and individuals.