karbonilcsoportból

The term "karbonilcsoportból" is Hungarian and translates to "from the carbonyl group." In chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). This group is a fundamental building block in organic chemistry, appearing in a wide variety of compounds.

Compounds containing the carbonyl group are broadly classified based on what other atoms or groups are attached to the carbonyl carbon. Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon, while ketones have two carbon atoms directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon. Carboxylic acids feature a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the carbonyl carbon, and esters are derivatives where the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. Amides have a nitrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon.

The carbonyl group is highly reactive due to the polarity of the carbon-oxygen double bond, with the oxygen atom being more electronegative than the carbon atom. This polarity makes the carbonyl carbon susceptible to nucleophilic attack. The reactivity and versatile chemistry of the carbonyl group are central to many organic reactions, including nucleophilic addition, condensation reactions, and oxidation-reduction processes. Its presence is crucial in many biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, and it plays a vital role in numerous industrial chemical processes.