kapitalny

Kapitalny is a term primarily used in Russian and other Slavic languages, derived from the word "капитал" (kapital), meaning "capital" or "fundamentals." In various contexts, it can refer to essential or foundational elements, often emphasizing importance or core principles.

In finance and economics, "капитальный" (kapitalny) describes investments or assets of significant value, such as capital expenditures (капитальные вложения, kapitalnye vlozheniya), which involve long-term assets like property, equipment, or infrastructure. These investments are critical for business expansion and sustainability, distinguishing them from operational or short-term expenses.

In construction and engineering, "капитальный ремонт" (kapitalny remont) refers to major renovations or restorations of buildings, ensuring structural integrity and longevity. Unlike routine maintenance, capital repairs address fundamental issues, such as foundation work or electrical overhauls, rather than superficial fixes.

The term also appears in cultural and philosophical discussions, where "капитальный" may describe foundational ideas or systems—such as capitalism (капитализм) or core philosophical principles. For example, "капитальная ошибка" (kapitalnaya oshibka) denotes a fundamental or irreparable mistake, highlighting its severity.

In everyday language, "капитальный" can convey a sense of importance or grandeur, as in "капитальный проект" (kapitalny projekt), meaning a major or pivotal undertaking. The adjective underscores the significance of the subject, whether in business, construction, or abstract concepts. Its usage reflects a focus on durability, value, and long-term impact.