kapitálem

Kapitálem is the instrumental singular form of the Czech noun kapitál, meaning capital in the sense of financial resources, funds, or capital goods. In Czech, kapitál can refer to money available for investment, to the assets used in production, or to the equity and borrowed funds of a business.

Etymology and senses

The term derives from the Latin capitalis, passing into Czech through European languages. In everyday usage, kapitál has several closely related senses:

- Finanční kapitál: money or financial resources held by individuals or organizations to fund activities.

- Produkční kapitál: capital goods or durable assets used in production.

- Vlastní kapitál and cizí kapitál: a company’s equity and borrowed funds, i.e., its capital structure.

Grammatical note and usage

Kapitálem is the instrumental singular form and is used with verbs and constructions that require the instrumental case, or in passive and certain analytic phrases. Examples:

- Společnost byla financována kapitálem od zahraničních investorů.

- Přispět kapitálem do projektu znamená vložit finanční prostředky.

Distinctions

Kapitál as a concept should not be confused with hlavní město, which in Czech means the capital city. In economic and corporate contexts, kapitál contrasts with other terms such as příjmy (income) or zisk (profit). Related terms include kapitálový (capital-related), vlastní kapitál (owners’ equity), and cizí kapitál (debt capital).