kapazitiven

Kapazitiven, or capacitive in English, is an adjective used to describe phenomena, devices, and measurements that rely on capacitance—the ability to store electric charge in the electric field between conductors separated by a dielectric. The term derives from Kapazität (capacity) and is common in physics and electrical engineering to distinguish capacitive effects from resistive or inductive ones.

In physics, capacitance C quantifies how much charge Q a system can store at a given voltage V, with C = Q/V. For a simple parallel-plate capacitor, C = εA/d, where ε is the permittivity of the dielectric between the plates, A is the plate area, and d is the separation. The energy stored in a capacitor is E = 1/2 C V^2. Capacitance depends on geometry, dielectric properties, and the distance between conductors, and it can vary with environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity.

Common applications include capacitive sensors, referred to in German as kapazitive or kapazitiven sensors, which detect changes in capacitance caused by the proximity or contact of objects, including human touch on touchscreens and proximity sensing in devices. Capacitive coupling allows signal or power transfer without direct electrical contact, using the electric field between conductors. In electronics, capacitors and capacitive effects play a central role in filtering, timing circuits, and frequency-dependent impedance.

Overall, kapazitiven describes anything related to capacitance and the associated electric-field storage of charge, highlighting the key role of geometry and dielectric materials in determining behavior.