kansantalous

Kansantalous is the Finnish term for the national economy: the total system of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services within a country. It consists of households, firms, and government, as well as the financial system and institutions that regulate markets. Through markets and policy, resources such as labor, capital, and natural resources are allocated to meet the needs and preferences of society.

Key elements of a kansantalous include the structure of the economy (often described in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors), production capacity, and productivity. Macroeconomic measures used to describe it include gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment, inflation, and the balance of payments. The capital stock, human capital, technology, and institutions influence long-term growth and living standards. International trade and financial flows link the kansantalous with other economies and affect exchange rates and competitiveness.

Policy plays a central role in shaping the economy. Fiscal policy, monetary policy, and regulation influence the business cycle and long-run development. In modern economies, the state typically provides welfare, public services, and infrastructure while private enterprises operate within a market framework. The kansantalous evolves with demographic changes, advances in technology, and globalization, requiring careful analysis and planning to maintain stability, manage risk, and pursue sustainable growth.