kajal

Kajal, also known as kohl or surma, is a traditional cosmetic used to darken the rims of the eyes. It is common in the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, North Africa, and among diaspora communities worldwide. The term kajal comes from South Asian languages, while kohl is from Arabic; surma is the Hindustani word for the same substance.

Historically, eye cosmetics resembling kajal have been used for thousands of years in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indian subcontinent, where it is tied to beauty, ritual, and protection from the sun and the evil eye.

Traditional kajal is often made by grinding soot or mineral powders and mixing with binding agents such as ghee or almond oil. Modern kajal can be charcoal-based or synthetic and is sold as pencils, jars, or sticks, with some formulations advertised as long-lasting or waterproof.

Application usually involves drawing a slim line along the upper lash line and, in many cultures, on the lower lid as well. Beyond aesthetics, kajal holds cultural significance and is part of many ceremonial and daily routines.

Safety and regulation vary by country. Some traditional kajal products have contained lead sulfide in the past, raising health concerns; many current products are marketed as lead-free and must meet local cosmetic standards. Consumers are advised to buy from reputable brands, check ingredients, and avoid contact with the eye.