kaasatusvormit

Kaasatusvormit refers to a concept in Estonian grammar related to the grammatical case of a noun or pronoun when it is used in a sentence to indicate participation or involvement. It is not a distinct case in the traditional sense but rather a functional description of how certain cases are employed to express this idea of being included or part of something.

The primary cases that can function as kaasatusvormit are the genitive and the partitive. When an object or person is in the genitive case, it can signify that something is done *to* or *with* that entity, implying a form of involvement. For example, in the sentence "Ta aitas sõpra" (He helped a friend), the genitive "sõpra" indicates the friend's involvement in the act of being helped. Similarly, the partitive case can be used to show participation in an action, especially when the action is ongoing or incomplete. The phrase "Ta loeb raamatut" (He is reading a book) uses the partitive "raamatut" to indicate ongoing involvement with the book.

Understanding kaasatusvormit helps to clarify the semantic roles of different grammatical cases in Estonian. It highlights how the same case form can convey different meanings depending on the context and the verb used. This concept is particularly relevant for learners of Estonian seeking to grasp the nuances of case usage beyond simple object marking.

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