kõõlusretseptorid

Kõõlusretseptorid, also known as Golgi tendon organs, are specialized sensory receptors found in the myotendinous junction, where muscles transition into tendons. These receptors are responsible for proprioception, providing the central nervous system with information about muscle tension and force. They are encapsulated nerve endings that are arranged in series with the muscle fibers.

When a muscle contracts or is stretched, it exerts tension on the tendon. This tension activates the Golgi tendon organs. The activation leads to the generation of nerve impulses that are transmitted to the spinal cord and brain. The information conveyed by these impulses helps regulate muscle force and prevent excessive strain or injury.

The response of Golgi tendon organs is inhibitory. When they are strongly activated, they trigger a reflex arc that causes the motor neurons innervating the muscle to become less active. This leads to muscle relaxation, a phenomenon known as autogenic inhibition. This protective mechanism helps to prevent muscle damage and tendon rupture by reducing the force on the contracting muscle.

Golgi tendon organs are less numerous than muscle spindles, another type of proprioceptor, but they are highly sensitive to changes in tension. Their role is crucial in maintaining posture, coordinating movements, and protecting the musculoskeletal system from overload. Understanding the function of kõõlusretseptorid is important in fields such as kinesiology, physical therapy, and sports science.