jónica

Jónica is the feminine form of the Spanish adjective jónico and is used to describe things related to Ionia, an ancient region on the western coast of Anatolia and the Ionian Islands in the central Aegean. The term appears in several fields, including geography, language, architecture and music, reflecting the historical and cultural influence of that region.

In linguistics and classical studies, jónica can refer to Ionic Greek, one of the main ancient Greek dialects spoken in Ionia and the Ionian islands. The Ionic tradition contributed notably to Greek literary and rhetorical practices, and the Homeric epic tradition is often associated with Ionic features, sometimes in conjunction with Attic elements.

In architecture, the fórmula jónica designates the Ionic order, one of the three canonical Greek orders alongside Doric and Corinthian. The Ionic order is identified by slender fluted columns with bases and capitals featuring volutes (spiral scrolls). Its entablature typically includes a continuous frieze and a more decorative profile than the Doric order. Originating in Ionian Greek craft in the 6th century BCE, it spread through the Greek world and later influenced Roman architecture.

In music, the term modo jónico (Ionian mode) refers to the Ionian scale, which corresponds to the modern major scale in tonal music. The Ionian mode is one of the traditional church modes in medieval theory and remains a familiar reference in musicology and harmony studies.

Overall, jónica denotes a set of related concepts tied to the historical region of Ionia and its cultural legacies across language, architecture and music.