jätkusid

jätkusid is an Estonian verb form meaning “they continued” or “they persisted” in the past tense. It is used when a plural subject carried an action or state onward into the past. The form represents the third-person plural past tense of a verb meaning “to continue” and is produced with the plural past tense ending -sid. The exact stem may vary slightly depending on the verb’s infinitive; common reference forms for the same verb are jätkama or jätkuma, from which the past-tense form jätkusid is derived.

Usage in Estonian writing is typical in narrative and descriptive contexts, where the writer reports that actions or conditions continued after a given point in time. As a finite verb form, jätkusid agrees with a plural subject and conveys tense but not aspect beyond what is indicated by the surrounding context. Like other past-tense forms, it can appear in subordinate clauses or in main clauses that refer to events in the past.

Etymology: the form is derived from the Estonian verb meaning “to continue,” following standard Estonian conjugation patterns that attach the -sid suffix to the stem to indicate third-person plural past tense.

See also: Estonian grammar, Estonian verbs, Past tense in Estonian.