juosten

Juosten is a Finnish adverbial participle derived from the verb juosta, meaning to run. It expresses the manner or means by which an action is carried out and is used to convey “by running” or “while running.” As a non-finite form, juosten cannot stand alone as a finite clause; it typically modifies the main verb in a sentence, indicating how the action is performed.

In practice, juosten appears in sentences such as: Hän tuli juosten kotiin, meaning “He came home running.” It can also be used to describe accompanying action or manner in broader phrases, for example to emphasize speed or urgency. The form is part of a broader Finnish system of adverbial participles, which also includes forms like katsoen (looking) or tehden (doing).

Grammatical notes: juosten is an invariable adverbial participle that agrees with the main verb in tense but not in person or number. It is most common in spoken and written Finnish to convey immediacy or vividness, though in very formal registers it may be used more sparingly.

Relation to other forms: Juosten is related to other -en adverbial participles formed from verbs, used to express manner. It is distinct from the finite verb forms that indicate tense and subject, serving instead to add context about how an action is performed.

See also: Finnish grammar, adverbial participles, other -en participles such as katsoen, tehden.