jonised

Jonised refers to a state where an atom or molecule has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. This process is known as ionization. When an atom or molecule loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion, also called a cation. Conversely, when it gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion, or anion. The degree of ionization can vary, ranging from a single electron transfer to the removal or addition of multiple electrons. This phenomenon is fundamental to many chemical and physical processes, including the formation of ionic compounds, the conduction of electricity in electrolytes and plasmas, and the behavior of atoms and molecules in electromagnetic fields. The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is called ionization energy, and it is a characteristic property of each element. Ionization can be achieved through various methods, such as high temperatures, exposure to radiation like ultraviolet light or X-rays, or collisions with other particles. The presence and behavior of ions play a crucial role in diverse fields, from atmospheric science and astrophysics to biological systems and industrial applications.