jednovlákný

Jednovláknový refers to a single-stranded structure, typically in a biological context. This term is most commonly applied to nucleic acids, specifically single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). In contrast to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which forms a stable double helix, single-stranded nucleic acids have a linear or sometimes folded conformation without a complementary strand.

ssDNA can exist naturally in some viruses, or it can be generated during processes like DNA replication and transcription. Its structure is less stable than dsDNA and can be more susceptible to damage. However, its single-stranded nature allows it to participate in specific biochemical interactions and serves as a template for the synthesis of complementary strands.

ssRNA is prevalent in cells and is the genetic material of many viruses. It plays crucial roles in gene expression, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Unlike dsDNA, ssRNA can fold into complex three-dimensional structures, such as hairpins and loops, which are essential for its function. The ability of ssRNA to form these structures is due to base pairing between complementary regions within the same strand. The term "jednovlákný" therefore signifies this distinct structural characteristic, differentiating it from double-stranded counterparts.