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The JDBC driver for Microsoft SQL Server, often referred to as `jdbc:sqlserver`, is a Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) driver that allows Java applications to connect to and interact with Microsoft SQL Server databases. It implements the JDBC API, providing a standardized way for Java code to execute SQL queries, manage transactions, and retrieve data from SQL Server.

To use the driver, developers first need to download the appropriate Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server JAR file and include it in their project's classpath. The connection string typically follows the format `jdbc:sqlserver://<server_name>:<port>;databaseName=<database_name>;user=<user_name>;password=<password>;`. Various options can be appended to customize the connection, such as specifying encryption settings, connection pooling parameters, or application intent.

The driver supports a wide range of SQL Server features, including stored procedures, user-defined functions, and various data types. It is actively maintained by Microsoft, with regular updates to ensure compatibility with newer versions of Java and SQL Server, as well as to address security vulnerabilities and performance enhancements. Developers can leverage the driver to build robust database-driven applications using Java, ranging from enterprise systems to web applications.