jashtëm

Jashtëm is an Albanian adjective meaning exterior or external. It is used to describe something located on the outside of another object or related to the outside world, rather than its interior. The word is formed from jashtë (outside) with the attributive suffix -m and various gendered forms align with the noun it modifies.

Uses and examples:

- In architecture and construction, jashtëm describes exterior aspects, such as fasada jashtëm (the exterior facade) or muret jashtëm (exterior walls).

- In everyday language, it can refer to outside parts of objects, for example dritaret jashtëm (exterior windows) or pjesa jashtëm e një ndërtesës (the exterior part of a building).

- In biology or medicine, it may denote external surfaces or structures, for instance sipërfaqja jashtëm e trupit (the external surface of the body).

- Figurative use is possible to indicate external influences or appearances, though context determines the most appropriate term.

Grammar:

- Jashtëm functions as an adjective and agrees with the noun it modifies in gender and number, as in i jashtëm (masculine singular) and e jashtëm (feminine singular). The exact forms for plural and case depend on the noun phrase.

Antonyms and related terms:

- The opposite of jashtëm is brendshëm (internal). Related terms include phrases describing exterior features or surfaces, depending on the domain (architecture, biology, geography).

In sum, jashtëm is a versatile term used across fields to denote exteriority, outside positions, or external characteristics while contrasting with internal aspects.