jarðarborðsvarmi

Jarðarborðsvarmi refers to the heat originating from within the Earth. This internal heat is a product of the planet's formation and the continuous radioactive decay of elements within its core and mantle. The temperature increases significantly with depth, a phenomenon known as the geothermal gradient.

This geothermal heat has been harnessed for various purposes, primarily for electricity generation and direct heating applications. Geothermal power plants tap into underground reservoirs of hot water or steam, which are then used to drive turbines and produce electricity. Direct use applications include heating buildings, greenhouses, and even aquaculture farms. In some regions, hot springs and geysers, surface manifestations of this internal heat, are also utilized for tourism and recreational purposes.

The accessibility and intensity of geothermal resources vary geographically. Volcanically active areas and regions with tectonic plate boundaries often possess the most readily exploitable geothermal energy. While considered a renewable energy source due to the continuous replenishment of Earth's internal heat, the sustainability of individual geothermal projects depends on responsible management of the resource to avoid depletion of local heat reservoirs or inducing seismic activity. The environmental impact of geothermal energy is generally low compared to fossil fuels, with minimal greenhouse gas emissions.