jäänyt

Jäänyt is a Finnish word that functions as the past participle of the verb jäädä, meaning to stay, remain, or be left. It is used both in verb phrases forming perfect tenses and in adjectival use to indicate something that has remained or been left behind.

In grammar, jäänyt is commonly used with the auxiliary olla to express perfect aspect, as in olen jäänyt (I have stayed/left, depending on context), olet jäänyt, hän on jäänyt, and so on. It can also appear in phrases describing what has remained or survived, for example, "on jäänyt mieleen" (has stayed in memory) or "vain vähän on jäänyt jäljelle" (only a little remains). As an adjective or in predicative position, jäänyt conveys that something has persisted or is left over.

Usage and nuance vary with context. It often denotes a completed staying or remaining action, or a state that has continued up to the present. For example, "Hän on jäänyt yksin" means he has been left alone or has remained by himself. In the idiomatic sense, blijf phrases like "on jäänyt mieleen" emphasize retention or memorability. The form can also express what is left behind when items or time are considered, such as "pääoma on jäänyt vahvistumaan" in a figurative sense.

Etymology traces jäänyt to the verb jäädä, itself rooted in the Finnish–Ugric language family and meaning to stay or remain. It is distinct from jähmettyä or jäätyä, which relate to freezing or solidifying.

See also: jäädä, jäätyä, mieleen.