izoleucín

Isoleucine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are the building blocks of proteins. Its chemical formula is C6H13NO2. It is classified as a nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid and is also an essential amino acid, meaning the human body cannot synthesize it and must obtain it from the diet. Isoleucine has a chiral center, leading to two stereoisomers, but only the L-isomer is found in proteins.

Isoleucine plays several important roles in the body. It is involved in energy metabolism, helping to provide a source of energy for muscle tissue. It also plays a role in regulating blood sugar levels, particularly during exercise. Furthermore, isoleucine is a precursor to several important molecules, including neurotransmitters and heme, a component of hemoglobin.

Dietary sources of isoleucine include protein-rich foods such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts, and seeds. Individuals with a balanced diet typically consume sufficient amounts of isoleucine. Deficiency is rare in developed countries but can occur in cases of severe malnutrition or certain medical conditions.

Isoleucine is often discussed alongside two other branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs): leucine and valine. These three amino acids share a similar structure and are metabolized primarily in muscle tissue, where they are used for energy and protein synthesis. The BCAAs are popular supplements among athletes, though their efficacy for muscle growth and performance is still a subject of ongoing research.