isotoobid
Isotoobid (isotopes) are atoms of the same chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference changes their mass and many nuclear properties, while chemical behavior remains largely the same. Some isotopes are stable, while others are radioactive (radioisotopes) and decay over time according to characteristic half-lives.
Natural occurrence and production: Most elements have one or more stable isotopes. Radioactive isotopes occur naturally
Properties and dating: Varying the neutron number alters nuclear binding energy and stability, leading to differences
Applications and safety: Isotopes have broad applications in medicine (diagnostic imaging with technetium-99m and positron emission