isoniazidilla

Isoniazid is a chemical compound, also referred to as isoniazidilla. It is a hydrazide derivative of isonicotinic acid, which is a common back-bone in many TB drugs. The IUPAC name of this compound is isonicotinohydrazide. It is mainly used in the medical field as a medication for treating tuberculosis. When a human absorbs Isoniazid, it is lowered in the stomach to nontoxic isonicotinic acid form by enzymes called acetyltransferases.

Isoniazid is one of the most widely used antimicrobial drugs. It works by preventing the bacterial cell wall formation which isolates the disease-causing bacteria. Another way that isoniazid works is by triggering stress response in the bacterial cell, resulting in cell death. When combining Isoniazid with other drugs it is referred to as first-line therapy. It typically includes a combination of three or four different drugs.

Despite its effectiveness, isoniazid has potential side effects which include hepatotoxicity, the most frequently seen is progressive liver dysfunction. Also, it can cause peripheral neuropathy from peripheral palsy, as a result of pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) deficiency. Isoniazid can be purchased in various drug forms including intravenous, capsules, oral tablets, and injection.

In 1952, Isoniazid was synthesised in the Soviet Union, after a lengthy effort to synthesize the pyrazinamide and pyrazine compounds, which yields the formation of a methyolic mixture of pyridine and isonicotinosvic rings, which then accumulate sodium to obtain the chemical structure, isonicotinohydrazide. Isoniazid was approved for marketing by the US FDA in 1955. Since then, Isoniazid remains one of the most effective drugs used to treat tuberculosis, available in many forms and hence lowering the mortality rate in this chronic patients.