isogênic

Isogênic refers to individuals or strains that are genetically identical or nearly identical. In the context of genetics, it is used to describe organisms that have been deliberately bred or created to share the same genetic makeup. This is often achieved through techniques like inbreeding or by creating genetically modified organisms where specific genes are added or removed, but the rest of the genome remains consistent.

Isogênic lines are particularly valuable in scientific research. By comparing individuals or groups that are isogênic except for a single genetic difference (e.g., the presence or absence of a particular gene), researchers can isolate and study the specific function or effect of that gene. This eliminates confounding variables that might arise from genetic variation in natural populations. For instance, in studies involving disease models, isogênic strains of laboratory animals can be used to understand how a specific genetic mutation contributes to the development or progression of a disease.

The concept of isogênic also extends to cellular biology, where isogênic cell lines are used for similar research purposes. These cell lines are derived from a single cell and thus share an identical genome. Any differences observed between manipulated isogênic cell lines can be attributed to the specific genetic modifications introduced. This precise control over genetic background is fundamental to many areas of biological and medical research.