isobutüülrühmaga

The isobutyl group is a branched alkyl substituent with the chemical formula −CH2CH(CH3)2. It is derived from isobutane by removal of one hydrogen atom from the primary carbon. The isobutyl group is one of the four structural isomers of the butyl group, the others being n-butyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl. Its structure features a central carbon atom bonded to one methylene group (−CH2−) and two methyl groups (−CH3), with the methylene group attached to the rest of the molecule. This branching distinguishes it from the linear n-butyl group.

The presence of the isobutyl group in organic molecules can influence their physical and chemical properties, such as solubility, boiling point, and reactivity. For example, it contributes to lipophilicity. The isobutyl group is a common feature in many organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, flavorings, and fragrances. It can be found as a substituent in various ethers, esters, and amines. In synthesis, it is often introduced through reactions involving isobutyl halides or alcohols. The isobutyl group is a fundamental concept in organic chemistry for understanding molecular structure and predicting chemical behavior.