iodizált

Iodized is a term that refers to the addition of iodine to a substance, most commonly table salt. This practice is a public health measure to prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). Iodine is an essential trace element required by the human body for the production of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for normal growth and development, particularly brain development.

The process of iodizing salt involves adding a small, precisely measured amount of iodine, usually in the form of potassium iodide or potassium iodate, to common salt. This ensures that even small quantities of salt consumed provide a consistent and safe dose of iodine. Iodized salt is widely available and affordable, making it an effective strategy to reach large populations, including vulnerable groups like pregnant women and children.

Iodine deficiency can lead to a range of health problems, collectively known as IDDs. The most well-known is goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy can cause irreversible intellectual disability in children, known as cretinism. Other consequences include impaired cognitive function, increased risk of miscarriage, and stillbirth.

The widespread implementation of salt iodization programs has significantly reduced the prevalence of IDDs globally. Many countries have made salt iodization mandatory, while others have voluntary programs. Continued monitoring and quality control are essential to ensure the effectiveness and safety of iodized salt. The iodine content in iodized salt is typically low enough to prevent toxicity in most individuals while being sufficient to meet daily requirements.