intraosseal

Intraosseous refers to a location within a bone. In a medical context, the term is most commonly used to describe routes of administration for medications or fluids, or as a site for access to the bloodstream. Intraosseous access is particularly useful in emergency situations when intravenous access is difficult or impossible to obtain, such as in cases of severe dehydration, shock, or trauma. The vascular network within bones, specifically the medullary cavity, is rich with blood vessels that allow for rapid absorption of administered substances into the systemic circulation. This method can be achieved through various devices, including needles or specialized intraosseous devices, inserted directly into the spongy bone tissue. The tibia, humerus, and femur are common sites for intraosseous access due to their accessibility and suitability for needle insertion. While effective, intraosseous administration is generally considered a temporary measure until reliable intravenous access can be established. It is also employed in certain diagnostic procedures and for the delivery of specific types of medical implants.