intranazáln

Intranasal refers to administration through the nasal cavity. This method of drug delivery allows medications to bypass the first-pass metabolism in the liver, potentially leading to faster absorption and higher bioavailability. The nasal mucosa is highly vascularized, facilitating rapid entry of substances into the bloodstream. This route is suitable for various medications, including hormones, peptides, and certain vaccines.

The intranasal route offers several advantages. It is generally painless and non-invasive, making it a good option for patients who have difficulty swallowing or receiving injections. It can also provide targeted delivery to the central nervous system by utilizing the olfactory and trigeminal pathways, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. This targeted delivery is being explored for treatments of neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

However, there are also limitations to intranasal administration. The nasal cavity has a limited surface area and rapid clearance mechanisms, which can affect the absorption rate and extent of drug delivery. Nasal irritation, stinging, or a metallic taste can also occur. Furthermore, the efficiency of absorption can be influenced by factors such as the viscosity of the formulation, the patient's breathing pattern, and the presence of nasal congestion or inflammation. Despite these challenges, intranasal delivery remains a promising and evolving route for drug administration.