interleking

Interleukins are a group of cytokines, which are small proteins secreted by cells of the immune system that act as signaling molecules. They play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication and are involved in a wide range of biological processes, particularly those related to inflammation, immunity, and hematopoiesis (the formation of blood cellular components). The term "interleukin" literally means "between leukocytes," reflecting their initial discovery as signaling molecules produced by and acting upon white blood cells.

There are many different interleukins, numbered from IL-1 onwards, with new ones still being identified. Each interleukin has specific functions and binds to distinct receptors on target cells, triggering a cascade of intracellular events. For example, some interleukins are pro-inflammatory, promoting swelling, redness, and fever, which are hallmarks of the immune response to infection or injury. Others are anti-inflammatory, working to suppress the immune response and promote healing.

Interleukins are vital for orchestrating the adaptive immune response, helping to activate and differentiate lymphocytes such as T cells and B cells. They are also involved in the development and function of other immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils. Dysregulation of interleukin production or signaling is implicated in numerous diseases, including autoimmune disorders, allergies, and certain types of cancer. Research into interleukins continues to be a significant area in immunology and medicine, with many interleukins and their receptors being targets for therapeutic interventions.