insuliinitoiminta

Insuliinitoiminta refers to the process by which insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, regulates the body's metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Insulin plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose levels in the blood, ensuring that cells have an adequate supply of this essential energy source. When food is consumed, particularly carbohydrates, the body breaks it down into glucose, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly those in muscles and fat tissue, where it is stored or used for energy.

In individuals with type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin, requiring them to administer insulin through injections or an insulin pump. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin, and the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to meet the body's needs. Insulin therapy is essential for managing both types of diabetes, helping to control blood glucose levels and prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, and kidney failure.

Insulin also plays a role in lipid metabolism, promoting the uptake of fatty acids by muscle and fat tissue, and inhibiting the breakdown of stored fat. Additionally, insulin stimulates the synthesis of proteins and the storage of glycogen in the liver and muscles. The balance of insulin and other hormones, such as glucagon and cortisol, is critical for maintaining homeostasis and overall health.