insufficijencija

Insufficijencija is a term used in medicine to describe a condition where an organ or body system is not functioning adequately to meet the body's needs. It signifies a failure to perform its normal duties, leading to a range of symptoms and potential health complications. The most commonly discussed types of insufficiency relate to major organs.

For example, cardiac insufficiency, also known as heart failure, occurs when the heart cannot pump blood effectively enough to supply the body's organs with oxygen and nutrients. This can manifest as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the limbs. Renal insufficiency, or kidney failure, means the kidneys are unable to filter waste products from the blood and regulate fluid balance properly. Symptoms can include changes in urination, fatigue, and fluid retention.

Pulmonary insufficiency refers to the lungs' inability to adequately oxygenate the blood or remove carbon dioxide. This can be caused by various lung diseases. Hepatic insufficiency indicates that the liver is not performing its numerous vital functions, such as detoxification and the production of essential proteins. Insufficiency can also affect other systems, like endocrine glands, leading to hormonal imbalances.

The causes of insufficiency are diverse and can include chronic diseases, acute injury, infections, or congenital defects. Treatment strategies depend on the specific organ affected and the underlying cause, and often focus on managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving the organ's function where possible. In severe cases, organ transplantation or artificial support may be necessary.