inputenergy
Input energy is the energy supplied to a system, device, or process from an external source over a given period. It encompasses all energy entering the object of interest, regardless of how efficiently that energy is used. Common units include joules (J), kilojoules (kJ), and kilowatt-hours (kWh) for larger time frames. The instantaneous rate at which energy is supplied is called input power and is measured in watts (W); integrating input power over time yields the input energy.
Input energy is a component of an energy balance. It must be considered together with the energy
Measurement and estimation. Electrical systems often use watt-hour meters or power analyzers to track input energy.
Examples. A 60-watt light bulb operating for 2 hours consumes 120 watt-hours (0.12 kWh) of input energy.
Applications. Input energy is a key concept in engineering design, energy management, and systems optimization, providing