inosilikatëve

Inosilikatet, also known as inosilicates, are a group of silicate minerals characterized by the presence of isolated double tetrahedral chains. These chains are formed by the sharing of two oxygen atoms between two silicon atoms, resulting in a linear arrangement. The general chemical formula for inosilicates is X2-2Y2+2(Si2O6), where X represents a large cation such as calcium, magnesium, or iron, and Y represents a smaller cation such as aluminum or iron.

Inosilicates are further classified into two main groups based on the type of double chains they form: single-chain inosilicates and double-chain inosilicates. Single-chain inosilicates, also known as pyroxenes, have a single chain of tetrahedra running parallel to a specific crystallographic axis. Examples of single-chain inosilicates include augite, diopside, and enstatite. Double-chain inosilicates, also known as amphiboles, have two parallel chains of tetrahedra. Examples of double-chain inosilicates include hornblende, actinolite, and tremolite.

Inosilicates are commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. They are often associated with other silicate minerals such as feldspars and quartz. Inosilicates are also important in the study of planetary geology, as they are a major component of the Earth's mantle and are found in meteorites.

The physical properties of inosilicates vary depending on their composition and structure. They typically have a hardness of 5 to 7 on the Mohs scale and a specific gravity ranging from 3 to 4. Inosilicates are often colored due to the presence of transition metal ions in their structure. For example, iron-rich inosilicates are often black or dark green, while magnesium-rich inosilicates are often green or brown.