inmunoensayo

An immunoassay is a laboratory technique used to detect, measure, or characterize molecules of biological origin, such as proteins, antibodies, or nucleic acids, in a sample. These assays are widely used in clinical diagnostics, research, and quality control to identify and quantify specific analytes. Immunoassays rely on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction, where an antibody specifically binds to its corresponding antigen.

There are several types of immunoassays, each with its own method of detection and application. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most common types, involving the use of enzymes to produce a detectable signal. Other methods include radioimmunoassay (RIA), which uses radioactive isotopes, and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), which employs light-emitting reactions. Immunoassays can be performed in various formats, including solid-phase assays, such as ELISA, and solution-phase assays, like competitive binding assays.

Immunoassays are valued for their high sensitivity, specificity, and ability to handle large numbers of samples efficiently. They are particularly useful in detecting low-abundance analytes and in monitoring changes in analyte levels over time. However, they require careful standardization and control to ensure accurate and reliable results. Immunoassays are essential tools in modern biology and medicine, contributing to advancements in disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and research.