injectiedrugs

Injected drugs are substances delivered by injection into the body. This method bypasses the digestive system and can deliver medication or additives directly into the bloodstream or surrounding tissues. The main routes are intravenous (into a vein), intramuscular (into a muscle), and subcutaneous (under the skin). Intravenous injection provides the fastest onset and highest peak concentration, while intramuscular and subcutaneous injections produce slower absorption and different durations of effect. The pharmacological effects depend on the drug, dose, formulation, and individual factors such as venous health and tissue response.

Injected drugs include legitimate medicines administered by healthcare professionals, such as insulin, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and certain hormones or biologics. They also include drugs used non-medically or illegally, such as opioids like heroin and various stimulants, which may be injected for rapid effects.

Health risks associated with injection use are significant. Transmission of infectious diseases can occur through sharing needles or other equipment, notably HIV and hepatitis B and C. Other risks include bacterial infections, abscesses, vein damage, endocarditis, and tissue necrosis. Overdose is a major concern with some injected drugs, particularly opioids. Contamination and improper preparation can worsen harm, and accidental needlestick injuries can affect others.

Harm reduction and safety measures focus on reducing these risks. They include access to sterile equipment through needle and syringe programs, proper disposal of sharps, use of clean water and alcohol swabs for skin preparation, not sharing equipment, and seeking medical help for infections or overdose. In clinical settings, injections should be performed by trained personnel under appropriate regulatory and safety standards.