inferenci

Inferensi, or inference, is the process of reaching conclusions based on evidence, premises, or prior knowledge. It is used across philosophy, science, statistics, artificial intelligence, and everyday reasoning. The term covers several forms of reasoning that move from known information to new conclusions.

In logic, inference denotes any step from premises to a conclusion. Deductive inference aims for certainty: if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. Inductive inference reasons from specific observations to general conclusions, usually with varying degrees of confidence. Abductive inference, often described as inference to the best explanation, seeks the most plausible cause or hypothesis that would account for the available evidence.

In statistics, statistical inference concerns drawing conclusions about a population from a sample. Methods include point and interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and model selection, all accompanied by measures of uncertainty such as confidence intervals or posterior probabilities in Bayesian inference.

In artificial intelligence, inference refers to the process by which an engine derives new facts from a knowledge base using a set of rules or learned relations. This is central to expert systems and some forms of reasoning in machine learning.

The reliability of inferensi depends on the quality and relevance of the premises, the logical framework used, and the presence of bias or noise. Clear definitions, transparent assumptions, and explicit uncertainty assessment help ensure robust inferences across contexts.