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An induction motor, also known as an asynchronous motor, is a type of AC electric motor. It operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a rotating magnetic field in the stator induces a current in the rotor. This induced current then creates its own magnetic field, which interacts with the stator's field, causing the rotor to rotate.

The stator, the stationary part of the motor, contains coils wound around an iron core. When AC power is supplied to these coils, it generates a rotating magnetic field. The rotor, typically a squirrel cage or wound rotor, is placed within this magnetic field. In a squirrel cage rotor, conductive bars are embedded in the rotor and short-circuited at both ends by rings. In a wound rotor, coils are wound and connected to slip rings.

The speed of the rotor is always slightly less than the speed of the rotating magnetic field. This difference in speed is called slip, and it is essential for inducing current in the rotor and generating torque. If the rotor were to spin at the same speed as the magnetic field, there would be no relative motion, no induced current, and therefore no torque.

Induction motors are widely used in various applications due to their simplicity, ruggedness, reliability, and relatively low cost. They are found in household appliances like washing machines and refrigerators, as well as in industrial machinery such as pumps, fans, compressors, and conveyor belts. Their efficiency varies depending on the motor design and load conditions.