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Induction is a fundamental concept in physics and engineering, referring to the process of generating an electric current or magnetic field by varying a magnetic field or electric current, respectively. This principle is described by Faraday's Law of Induction, which states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor, and Lenz's Law, which describes the direction of the induced EMF.

Induction is the basis for many electrical devices, including transformers, generators, and inductors. In a transformer, for example, induction is used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. An alternating current in the primary coil creates a changing magnetic field, which induces a voltage in the secondary coil.

Inductors, on the other hand, are passive electrical components that store energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through them. They oppose changes in current flow, a property known as inductance, which is measured in henries.

Induction is also a key concept in electromagnetism, the branch of physics that studies the relationship between electric and magnetic fields. It is described by Maxwell's equations, a set of four fundamental equations that govern the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.

In summary, induction is a crucial phenomenon in physics and engineering, enabling the generation and transfer of electrical energy through the interaction of electric and magnetic fields. It is a fundamental concept that underlies many electrical devices and technologies.