indocyaningröda

Indocyaningröda, more commonly known as indocyanine green (ICG), is a water-soluble cyanine dye used in medical imaging. It absorbs near-infrared light and emits fluorescence, enabling visualization of vascular structures and tissues beneath the surface. When injected intravenously, ICG binds to plasma proteins, remaining largely within the bloodstream and emitting light detectable by specialized imaging systems.

Pharmacology and properties: ICG has a peak absorption around 800 nm and emits fluorescence near 830 nm, placing it in the near-infrared range. It is rapidly cleared by the liver and excreted into bile, with a short plasma half-life in individuals with normal hepatic function. It is not eliminated via the kidneys, and its use can be influenced by hepatic impairment.

Clinical uses: ICG is employed in ophthalmology for retinal and choroidal angiography, in hepatobiliary function testing (ICG clearance), and in a wide range of intraoperative fluorescence applications. It aids vascular and lymphatic mapping, delineation of bile ducts, and guidance during tumor resections and other surgeries where real-time perfusion assessment is valuable.

Safety and limitations: ICG is generally well tolerated, but rare adverse reactions including hypersensitivity and anaphylactoid responses can occur. Caution is advised in patients with known allergies to ICG or iodine-containing compounds. Hepatic dysfunction can affect clearance, and extravasation can cause temporary skin discoloration at the injection site.

Regulatory status: ICG is approved for diagnostic imaging in many countries and is used under medical supervision. Availability and specific indications vary by regulatory authority.