impunând

Impunând is the gerund form of the Romanian verb a impune, meaning to impose or to enforce. As a gerund, impunând expresses an ongoing or accompanying action, typically tied to the subject of the main clause. It is used to indicate manner, simultaneity, or a condition under which the main action occurs.

In usage, impunând is often employed to describe actions that accompany the main verb, or to indicate how something is done. The subject of impunând is usually the same as the subject of the main clause, though Romanian grammars note potential ambiguity when this is not clear. In formal writing, the gerund can be avoided by rephrasing with a subordinate clause or a participial construction to ensure precision and reduce ambiguity.

Etymologically, impunând comes from the verb a impune, itself derived from the Latin imponere (“to place upon” or “to impose”). The form is spelled with the diacritic â: impunând, reflecting Romanian phonology and orthography for the gerund ending -ând.

Notes on style and interpretation: the gerund impunând is common in written and semi-formal Romanian but can be considered stylistically heavy or vague in some contexts. When the subject relationship or timing is unclear, it is often preferable to rewrite with explicit temporal connectors (for example, folosind în timp ce) or to convert the phrase to a finite clause.

Example sentences:

Impunând sancțiuni, autoritatea a restabilit ordinea.

Impunând reguli noi, conducerea a redus riscurile.

El a intrat în sală, impunând tăcerea prin prezența sa.