impedanciának

Impedanciának is a Hungarian term that translates to "impedance" in English. In electrical engineering, impedance is a measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a sinusoidal alternating current (AC). It is a complex quantity that includes both resistance and reactance. Resistance is the opposition to current flow that dissipates energy as heat, while reactance is the opposition to current flow due to the storage of energy in electric or magnetic fields.

Impedance is typically represented by the symbol Z and is measured in ohms (Ω), just like resistance. The formula for impedance is Z = R + jX, where R is the resistance, X is the reactance, and j is the imaginary unit (the square root of -1). Reactance can be further divided into inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive reactance (XC). Inductive reactance is caused by inductors and increases with frequency, while capacitive reactance is caused by capacitors and decreases with frequency.

The magnitude of the impedance, |Z|, determines the amplitude of the current for a given voltage, according to Ohm's law for AC circuits: |I| = |V| / |Z|. The phase angle of the impedance, often denoted by φ, describes the phase difference between the voltage and current. This phase difference is crucial in understanding power factor and energy transfer in AC systems. Understanding impedance is fundamental for designing and analyzing AC circuits, filters, transmission lines, and many other electrical and electronic systems.