immúnskortsjúkdómar

Immúnskortsjúkdómar, also known as immunodeficiency disorders, are a group of conditions where the body's immune system is weakened or doesn't function properly. This makes individuals more susceptible to infections and other diseases. These disorders can be broadly categorized into primary and secondary immunodeficiencies.

Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders, meaning they are present from birth due to inherited defects in the immune system. There are over 300 types of primary immunodeficiencies, affecting different parts of the immune system, such as B cells, T cells, phagocytes, or complement proteins. Examples include Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) and Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID).

Secondary immunodeficiencies are acquired later in life and are caused by external factors that damage or suppress the immune system. Common causes include infections like HIV/AIDS, certain cancers and their treatments (like chemotherapy and radiation), malnutrition, and the use of immunosuppressant medications after organ transplantation.

Symptoms of immunodeficiency disorders vary widely depending on the specific type and severity. They often include frequent, recurrent, or severe infections that are difficult to treat. Other signs can include chronic diarrhea, delayed growth and development in children, and autoimmune disorders. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to assess the function and components of the immune system. Treatment strategies focus on preventing infections, managing existing infections, and in some cases, immune system support through therapies like immunoglobulin replacement, antibiotics, or stem cell transplantation.