immuunivälineiden

Immunoassays are laboratory methods used to detect and quantify substances, typically proteins or antibodies, using the specific binding properties of antibodies. These techniques are foundational in various fields, including medicine, research, and diagnostics. The core principle relies on the high affinity and specificity of an antibody for its corresponding antigen. When an antigen and antibody bind, it creates an immune complex. Immunoassays are designed to detect the formation of these complexes, often through the use of a label or signal generated upon binding. Common labels include enzymes, fluorescent dyes, or radioactive isotopes.

Different types of immunoassays exist, each with its own format and application. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a widely used method that employs an enzyme to produce a detectable color change. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) utilizes a radioactive isotope for detection, though its use has decreased due to safety concerns. Immunochromatographic assays, such as those found in rapid diagnostic tests like pregnancy tests, involve the movement of reagents across a membrane. Western blotting is another technique that combines electrophoresis with immunoassay to identify specific proteins. These methods are crucial for diagnosing diseases, monitoring treatment efficacy, and advancing scientific understanding of biological processes.