immuunhemolüüsi

Immuunhemolüüsi is a medical condition characterized by the premature breakdown of red blood cells due to an immune system response. This process, known as hemolysis, occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly identifies red blood cells as foreign invaders and attacks them. Antibodies are produced that bind to the surface of the red blood cells, marking them for destruction by the immune system. This destruction can happen within the bloodstream (intravascular hemolysis) or in organs like the spleen and liver (extravascular hemolysis).

The causes of immuunhemolüüsi are diverse. It can be a side effect of certain medications, a reaction to blood transfusions (transfusion reactions), or a result of autoimmune disorders where the body produces antibodies against its own red blood cells. In some cases, it can also be associated with infections or certain types of cancer.

Symptoms of immuunhemolüüsi can vary depending on the severity. Common signs include paleness, fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) due to the buildup of bilirubin, and an enlarged spleen. More severe cases can lead to shortness of breath, dizziness, and even heart problems. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to detect antibodies coating red blood cells and to assess the rate of red blood cell destruction. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause and may involve discontinuing offending medications, managing autoimmune conditions with immunosuppressants, or in severe cases, blood transfusions.