immunofenotüpiseerimist

Immunophenotyping is a laboratory technique used to identify and quantify different cell populations within a sample based on the unique proteins (antigens) expressed on their surfaces or within them. This is achieved by using antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent markers. These labeled antibodies bind specifically to their target antigens on the cells. When a sample is analyzed using a flow cytometer or a fluorescence microscope, the fluorescent signals emitted by the bound antibodies allow for the detection and measurement of cells expressing particular antigens.

The process typically involves incubating a cell suspension with a panel of antibodies, each targeting a specific cell surface or intracellular marker. For example, in the analysis of immune cells, specific antibodies might target markers like CD3 (T cells), CD19 (B cells), CD14 (monocytes), or CD4 and CD8 (subsets of T cells). By using multiple fluorescently labeled antibodies simultaneously, researchers can differentiate and quantify various cell types and their activation states within a mixed population.

Immunophenotyping is crucial in various medical and research fields. It is widely used in hematology to diagnose and monitor leukemias, lymphomas, and other blood cancers. In immunology, it helps characterize immune cell populations in infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and transplantation. It is also employed in research to understand normal immune system function and the effects of various stimuli or treatments on immune cells. The data generated from immunophenotyping provides a detailed snapshot of the cellular composition of a sample, aiding in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection.