immunkomplementdiszreguláció
Immunkomplement, often referred to as the complement system, is a crucial part of the innate immune system. It comprises a group of proteins that circulate in the blood and body fluids in an inactive state. When activated, these proteins work in a cascade, much like blood clotting factors, leading to a variety of immune responses. The primary functions of the complement system include opsonization, where complement proteins coat pathogens, marking them for easier recognition and destruction by phagocytic cells; lysis of target cells, particularly bacteria and enveloped viruses, by forming a membrane attack complex (MAC) that creates pores in the cell membrane; and promotion of inflammation by releasing anaphylatoxins, which attract immune cells to the site of infection.
There are three main pathways for complement activation: the classical pathway, the lectin pathway, and the